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The transistor is a solid semiconductor device that can be used for detection, rectification, amplification, switching, voltage regulation, signal modulation, and many other functions. A transistor has three poles: the three poles of a bipolar transistor are composed of an N-type Emitter, a Base and a Collector; The three poles of a field-effect transistor are Source, Gate and Drain.
In a bipolar transistor, a small current from the emitter to the base will cause a large current between the emitter and the collector; In a field-effect transistor, a small voltage is applied to the gate to control the current between the source and the drain.
In analog circuits, transistors are used in amplifiers, audio amplifiers, radio frequency amplifiers, voltage regulator circuits; In computer power supply, mainly used for switching power supply.
Transistors are also used in digital circuits, where their primary function is to act as electronic switches. Digital circuits include logic gates, random access memory (RAM), and microprocessors.
Transistors have many maximum ratings to pay attention to in use, such as maximum voltage, maximum current, maximum power. When used in excess, the internal structure of the transistor will be destroyed. Each type of transistor also has specific characteristics, such as DC magnification hfe, NF noise ratio, etc., which can be obtained from the transistor specification Sheet or Data Sheet.
The most common use of transistors in circuits should be signal amplification, followed by impedance matching, signal conversion, the transistor is a very important component in the circuit, many precision components are mainly made of transistors.
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Compared with bipolar transistors, Fets have the following characteristics:
1. The field effect tube is a voltage control device, which controls ID (drain current) through VGS(gate source voltage);
2. The control input current of the field effect tube is very small, so its input resistance (107 ~ 1012Ω) is very large.
3. It uses most carriers to conduct electricity, so its temperature stability is better;
4. The voltage amplification factor of the amplifier circuit is smaller than that of the amplifier circuit of the triode;
5. The field effect tube has strong anti-radiation ability;
6. Because there is no loose particle noise caused by electron diffusion of chaotic motion, the noise is low.
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1. Field effect tubes can be used for amplification. Because the input impedance of the FET amplifier is high, the coupling capacitance can be small and the electrolytic capacitor is unnecessary.
2. The high input impedance of the field effect tube is very suitable for impedance conversion. It is often used for impedance conversion in the input stage of multistage amplifier.
3. Fets can be used as variable resistors.
4. Fets can be conveniently used as constant current sources.
5. Fets can be used as electronic switches.
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The field effect tube is the voltage control element and the transistor is the current control element. Field-effect tubes conduct electricity with a majority of carriers, so they are called unipolar devices, while transistors conduct electricity with both a majority of carriers and a few carriers, so they are called bipolar devices.
The source and drain of some Fets can be used interchangeably, and the grid pressure can also be positive or negative, making them more flexible than triodes.
The field effect tube can operate under very low current and voltage conditions, and its manufacturing process can easily integrate many field effect tubes on a single silicon chip, so the field effect tube has been widely used in large-scale integrated circuits.
Application field
Field effect tube (FETs) is a unipolar semiconductor device in which the electric field effect controls the current. In the input end, the current is basically no or very small, with high input impedance, low noise, good thermal stability, simple manufacturing process, etc., it is used in large-scale and ultra-large scale integrated circuits.
With its advantages of low power consumption, stable performance and strong anti-radiation ability, field-effect devices have been gradually replacing audion in integrated circuits. But it is still very delicate, although most have built-in protective diodes, but a little attention, can be damaged. So it's better to be careful in applications.
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